Everyone's Blog Posts - Participatory Epidemiology Network for Animal and Public Health2024-03-19T05:14:17Zhttp://penaph.ning.com/profiles/blog/feed?xn_auth=noSecond PENAPH Conference Moved to Khon Kaen, Thailandtag:penaph.ning.com,2017-05-31:4643023:BlogPost:274572017-05-31T15:01:55.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>The 2nd PENAPH Conference has been moved from Chiang Mai to Khon Kaen for logistical reasons. The venue will be the <span>Pullman Raja Orchid Hotel. The <span>Tropical Disease Research Center / </span></span>WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis located at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University will be our local host. The dates and other arrangements are unchanged.</p>
<p>The 2nd PENAPH Conference has been moved from Chiang Mai to Khon Kaen for logistical reasons. The venue will be the <span>Pullman Raja Orchid Hotel. The <span>Tropical Disease Research Center / </span></span>WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis located at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University will be our local host. The dates and other arrangements are unchanged.</p>Call for Abstract and Abstract Template Now Availabletag:penaph.ning.com,2017-02-08:4643023:BlogPost:277232017-02-08T01:10:51.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>The Call for Abstracts and the Abstract Template are now available on the Second Conference Page of the PENAPH Website. Abstracts are due July 1, 2017. We look forward to hearing about experiences using participatory methods in all forms of health!</p>
<p></p>
<p>The Call for Abstracts and the Abstract Template are now available on the Second Conference Page of the PENAPH Website. Abstracts are due July 1, 2017. We look forward to hearing about experiences using participatory methods in all forms of health!</p>
<p></p>Members please update your E-mail addresses!tag:penaph.ning.com,2017-01-29:4643023:BlogPost:273232017-01-29T08:49:16.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>We are sending out conference announcements and calls for abstracts to all members. Many of you have changed addresses over the years and we encourage you to update your address to receive conference announcements.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Jeff</p>
<p>We are sending out conference announcements and calls for abstracts to all members. Many of you have changed addresses over the years and we encourage you to update your address to receive conference announcements.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Jeff</p>PE/PDS activities for PPR disease in Tharparkar District of Sindh Province Pakistantag:penaph.ning.com,2016-08-06:4643023:BlogPost:262292016-08-06T08:23:55.000ZSyed Noman Alihttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SyedNomanAli
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
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<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047125?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="350" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979049031?profile=RESIZE_480x480" width="350" class="align-left"/></a></p>
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<p>Meeting with Government Official</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=original" target="_self"></a></p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="350" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979050920?profile=RESIZE_480x480" width="350" class="align-full"/></a>DIMS Exercise</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979052632?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="350" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979052632?profile=RESIZE_480x480" width="350" class="align-full"/></a></p>
<p>Meeting with progressive farmer</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979055147?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="350" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979055147?profile=RESIZE_480x480" width="350" class="align-full"/></a></p>
<p>Seasonal Calendar Exercise </p>
<p><img width="350" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979057372?profile=RESIZE_480x480" width="350" class="align-left"/><em><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979060112?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="350" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979061973?profile=RESIZE_480x480" width="350" class="align-left"/></a></em></p>PE/PDS activities for PPR disease in Tharparkar District of Sindh Province Pakistantag:penaph.ning.com,2016-08-05:4643023:BlogPost:259242016-08-05T10:04:44.000ZSyed Noman Alihttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SyedNomanAli
<p><i>This report is prepared after successful completion of fifteen days consultancy to conduct PRA activities at villages of Taluka Mithi.</i></p>
<p><i>Tharparkar is the only fertile </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert" title="Desert"><i>desert</i></a><i> </i><i> </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World" title="World"><i>world</i></a><i>. Administratively Tharparker is divided into six Taluks namely Mithi, Islamkote, Diplo, Chachro, Dahli and Nagharparkar. The study area…</i></p>
<p><i>This report is prepared after successful completion of fifteen days consultancy to conduct PRA activities at villages of Taluka Mithi.</i></p>
<p><i>Tharparkar is the only fertile </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert" title="Desert"><i>desert</i></a><i> </i><i> </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World" title="World"><i>world</i></a><i>. Administratively Tharparker is divided into six Taluks namely Mithi, Islamkote, Diplo, Chachro, Dahli and Nagharparkar. The study area was Taluka Mithi, where PPR vaccination campaign has been planned, during which mass vaccination will be conducted. There are nine Union Councils in Taluk Mithi that includes two UCs in urban area (Mithi-1 & Mith-2) and seven UCs in rural area (Mithrio Bhatti, Chelhar, Vejhiar, Malanhore Veena, Bakiuo, Jorvo and Mohrano).One village is randomly selected in each union council of rural area for PRA activities. Key informants meeting was arranged in each UC of rural and urban area. During PRA activities, set of semi-structured interviews, Visualization, Ranking and Scoring techniques were applied to collect qualitative and quantitative data.</i></p>
<p><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p><b><i>Methodology adopted:</i></b></p>
<p><i>The study area is taluka Mithi, which is comprises of two Union Councils in urban area (Mithi-1 & Mithi-2) and seven UCs in rural area (Mithrio Bhatti, Chelhar, Vejhiar, Malanhore veena, Bakuiu, Jorvo and Mohrano). For PRA activities, one village was randomly selected in each union council of rural area. Key informants meeting was arranged in each UC of urban and rural area.</i></p>
<p><i>Following PRA techniques was applied:</i></p>
<ol>
<li><b><i>One Semi-structured interview in each village.</i></b></li>
</ol>
<p><i>According to deliverers, set of questions/ topics were developed in the shape of checklist. During SSI, around 45 to 65 sheep/goat herders were interviewed in a large group by using following checklist.</i></p>
<p><i>a. </i> <i>Introduction of appraisal team. </i></p>
<p><i>b. </i> <i>Introduction of participants.</i></p>
<p><i>c. </i> <i>Village Profile.</i></p>
<p><i>d. </i> <i>Type and population of Livestock.</i></p>
<p><i>e. </i> <i>Sheep/goat husbandry system.</i></p>
<p><i>f. </i> <i>Benefits from sheep/goat business.</i></p>
<p><i>g. </i> <i>Sheep/goat diseases prevalent in the area.</i></p>
<p><i>h. </i> <i>Seasonal occurrence of diseases.</i></p>
<p><i>i. </i> <i>Public and private Veterinary facilities.</i></p>
<p><i>j. </i> <i>PPR disease & its socio-economics impact.</i></p>
<p><i>k. </i> <i>Vaccination and other bio-security measure.</i></p>
<p><i>l. </i> <i>Herd Movement.</i></p>
<p><i>m. </i> <i> Marketing system.</i></p>
<p><i>n. </i> <i>Role of women in sheep/goat business.</i></p>
<p><i>o. </i> <i>Constrains and possible solution of sheep/goat business in the area.</i></p>
<p><i>p. </i> <i>Suggestion for PPR vaccination campaign.'</i></p>
<p><b><i>2. </i></b><b><i>2-3 focus group interviews in each village.</i></b></p>
<p><i>Key sheep/goat herders were identified during SSI and interviewed in a group of 4 to 5, who observed PPR like sign and symptoms.</i></p>
<p><i> 3. </i><b><i>1-2 Key informants interview in each village.</i></b></p>
<p><i>Key informant is include Village elders, traders, local private VOs / SAs, representative from local NGO & sheep/goat headers who observed PPR like sign and symptoms.</i></p>
<p><b><i>4. </i></b> <b><i>Interviews with Local official from livestock / animal husbandry department.</i></b></p>
<p><i>Local VOs and SAs were interviewed and all data from villagers were also shared.</i></p>
<p><b><i>5. </i></b> <b><i>Participatory mapping.</i></b></p>
<p><i> During exercise, villagers asked to draw village map showing following:</i></p>
<p><i>a. </i> <i>Village boundaries and routes.</i></p>
<p><i>b. </i> <i>Houses (Para) of different tribes’ in village.</i></p>
<p><i>c. </i> <i>Sheep/goat movement route</i></p>
<p><i>d. </i> <i>Sheep/goat grazing areas.</i></p>
<p><i>e. </i> <i>Water source like wells or reservoirs.</i></p>
<p><i>f. </i> <i>Agriculture fields.</i></p>
<p><i>g. </i> <i> Sheep/goat gathering places.</i></p>
<p><i>h. </i> <i>Public and private facilities like school, basic health unit etc.</i></p>
<p><b><i>6. </i></b> <b><i>Transect walk and walking interview.</i></b></p>
<p><i>Walking through and around village with local key informant for personal observation and talk during walk regarding of sheep/ goat business in the village.</i></p>
<p><b><i>7. </i></b> <b><i>Ranking and Scoring techniques:</i></b></p>
<p><i>a. </i> <i> Simple ranking, during which all items are asked to rank in ascending order.</i></p>
<p><i>b. </i> <i> Pairwise-comparison: during which two items are compared.</i></p>
<p><i>c. </i> <i>Proportional piling for relative prevalence/ importance of diseases affecting sheep /goat.</i></p>
<p><i>d. </i> <i>Seasonal occurrence of diseases calendar</i></p>
<p><i>e. </i> <i> PPMM. Proportional piling for mortality and morbidity. Individual herd were examined through PP for the last year occurring diseases.</i></p>
<p><i>f. </i> <i>Impact matrix scoring. Disease impact were analyze on livelihood befits by asking sheep/goat herder to pile impact on their each benefit from last year occurring diseases.</i></p>
<p><i>g. </i> <i>Data was triangulated and shared with local officials (VOs & SAs).</i></p>
<p> </p>
<p><b><i>FINDINGS:</i></b></p>
<p><b><i>1: socio-economic value of sheep & goats in the area:</i></b></p>
<p><i>Most of people engaged in the sheep / goat raising can be categorized as subsistent farmers because these species play a significant role in their house hold economy. Both sheep and goats are kept by low income landless villagers to such activity provide the main source of income. The major areas known for small ruminants’ production are mountainous, semi- mountainous and arid lands where crop agriculture is not so developed and large ruminants’ production is not feasible. In such areas it is the number of sheep and goats kept by the farmers, which is the indicator of their social status. The primary purpose of raising sheep and goats is to produce stock for meat purpose. Farmer usually sell small ruminant during the need i.e. medical & other emergency and social & religious function such as family weddings. Besides using milk of sheep/goat in the house, they also sell wool, hair, mohair and manure for cash return. </i></p>
<h2><strong><span class="font-size-1"><i>It was concluded that in study area, rural community very much depends of their livelihood on livestock especially on sheep and goat. It was estimated that 66 to 73% of their livelihood directly and indirectly depend on sheep and goat business. Data calculated from the fifteen individual interview of key informants from three categories that is small animal holding (less than 25 animals), medium animal holding (from 25 to 50 animals) and large animals holding (above 50 animals). Income sources and monthly expenses were gathered. Most of small and medium sheep/goat herders totally depend on their animals. Nutritional requirements of almost 100% sheep and goat herders’ families depend on livestock including cattle, camel, sheep and goat. Goat milk is preferred for its nutritional value for babies and also only source of milk supply for subsistence families only raising small ruminants in the form of small unit.</i></span></strong></h2>
<p><b><i>2: Disease impact:</i></b></p>
<p><i>There is significant negative impact of PPR and other prevalent sheep and goat diseases on the livelihood of sheep/ goat herders in study area</i></p>
<p><b><i><u>a. Production loss</u></i></b></p>
<p><i>Study reveals that the most direct economic impact of PPR disease is the loss of or reduced efficiency of production, which reduces family income and effect directly livelihood of sheep and goat herders’ families. There is weight loss, loss of offspring due to high mortality and abortion due to PPR disease.</i></p>
<p><b><i><u>b. Expanses on treatment</u></i></b></p>
<p><i>Sheep/Goat herders also under financial crises, when some time they have to pay expanse on treatment, which is calculated about Rs. 1500 to 3000 per animal. Some time they did not have money to pay treatment cost and they have to sale other healthy animal.</i></p>
<p><b><i><u>c. Prices and market effects</u></i></b></p>
<p><i>Due to production and physical impacts induced by PPR disease there is disparity in prices. It was concluded that, distress sale price of sheep and goat is 63 to 67% and 70 to 78% lower. Cost of Sheep and Goat skin will be also reduced 45 to 55%. </i></p>
<p><b><i><u>d. Food Security and Nutrition</u></i></b></p>
<p><i>It is accomplished from the study that the families of sheep/goat herders depend 70 to 80% of their food requirement on animals specially milk and meat from sheep/goat. PPR and other prevailing sheep/goat diseases are causing momentous negative impacts on food security and nutrition in study area. Children and pregnant women critically affect from sheep/goat disease specially PPR. They become prone to serious human disease diseases like Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and other microbial diseases, unfortunately surveillance and reporting system is weak both in animal and human health. Herders also reported in abortion cases in human and mortality in new born babies.</i></p>
<p><b><i><u>e. Other impacts</u></i></b></p>
<p><i>Disease impact is long-lasting which delays marriages, postpone health issues (treatment/operations) and also disturb ongoing children education.</i></p>
<p><i> Result from Impact matrix scoring from the last year disease scenario is as under:</i></p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr><td width="30" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>Sr.</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="79" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>Livelihood</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="102" colspan="2" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Rank Important-wise</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="66" colspan="2" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Sheep & Goat Pox</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="54" colspan="2" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>CCPP</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="40" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p><b><i> ET</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="54" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>FMD</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="101" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Parasitic</i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>Disease</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="55" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>PPR</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="60" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>Anthrax</i></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="30"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="79"><p><b><i>Food</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="102" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i> 24</i></p>
</td>
<td width="64"><p align="center"><i>6</i></p>
</td>
<td width="49" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="48" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="54"><p align="center"><i>5</i></p>
</td>
<td width="101"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="55"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="60"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="30"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="88" colspan="2"><p><b><i>Health</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="93"><p align="center"><i>12</i></p>
</td>
<td width="64"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="49" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="48" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="54"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="101"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="55"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="60"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="30"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="88" colspan="2"><p><b><i>Education</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="93"><p align="center"><i>11</i></p>
</td>
<td width="64"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="49" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="48" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="54"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="101"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="55"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="60"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="30"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="88" colspan="2"><p><b><i>Social Events</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="93"><p align="center"><i>17</i></p>
</td>
<td width="64"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="49" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="48" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="54"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="101"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="55"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="60"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="30"><p align="center"><i>5</i></p>
</td>
<td width="88" colspan="2"><p><b><i>Saving</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="93"><p align="center"><i>20</i></p>
</td>
<td width="64"><p align="center"><i>5</i></p>
</td>
<td width="49" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="48" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="54"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="101"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="55"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="60"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="30"><p align="center"><i>6</i></p>
</td>
<td width="88" colspan="2"><p><b><i>Dowry</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="93"><p align="center"><i>16</i></p>
</td>
<td width="64"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="49" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="48" colspan="2"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="54"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="101"><p align="center"><i>0</i></p>
</td>
<td width="55"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="60"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="211" colspan="4"><p align="center"><i>Overall Impact of disease</i></p>
</td>
<td width="64"><p align="center"><b><i>25</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="49" colspan="2"><p align="center"><b><i>14</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="48" colspan="2"><p align="center"><b><i>18</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="54"><p align="center"><b><i>11</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="101"><p align="center"><b><i>5</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="55"><p align="center"><b><i>10</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="60"><p align="center"><b><i>17</i></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="30"></td>
<td width="79"></td>
<td width="9"></td>
<td width="93"></td>
<td width="64"></td>
<td width="2"></td>
<td width="46"></td>
<td width="8"></td>
<td width="40"></td>
<td width="54"></td>
<td width="101"></td>
<td width="55"></td>
<td width="60"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><b><i>Result of exercise reflects low impact of PPR disease because of low awareness.</i></b></p>
<p><b><i>3: Sheep and goat production systems</i></b></p>
<p><i>There is extensive production system for sheep and goat business with very little inputs available.</i></p>
<p><b><i>In Rural areas</i></b><i>, 95 to 97% Sheep/goats are reared extensively and only 3 to 5 % are kept in houses with portable feeding and drinking pots. Animal, which are kept at house including milking, near parturition does/ewes and sick animal.</i></p>
<p><b><i>In Urban areas</i></b><i>, Sheep/goat are gathered in one place from different houses in the morning around</i></p>
<p><i>8 AM and then bring to natural vegetation establish 3 to 4Km outside city. Around 7 to 8 PM, these animals brought back to their houses. Each house has open pan outside or inside in few cases with portable feeding and drinking bowl.</i></p>
<p><b><i>4: Estimation of sheep & Goat population</i></b></p>
<p><i>According to office of the Deputy Director Livestock /Animal husbandry District Tharparkar There are more than 600000 sheep and goat in Taluka Mithi . However an estimate of study area, it was concluded that sheep & goat population is around 500000.It was proposed that after vaccination in one UCs, Data regarding animal population estimate can be more exact.</i></p>
<p><i>Estimation of population of visited villages is as follows:</i></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="614">
<tbody><tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Name of village</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Union Council</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Av.</i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>herd size</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Sheep & Goat Population</i></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><i>Estimation</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Sheep</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Goat</i></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Mithrio Bhatti</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Mithrio Bhatti</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>40</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>15200</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>6200</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>9000</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Haryar</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Chelhar</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>35</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>14875</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>4875</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>10000</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Dalen jo Tar</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Vejhiar</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>30</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>15000</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>5000</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>10000</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Hothiar</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Malanhore veena</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>25</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>6250</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>2500</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>2750</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Bakuiu</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Bakuiu</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>22</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>6600</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>2800</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>3800</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Saghror</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Jorvo</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>20</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>2100</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>300</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>1800</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Sainiasar</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Jorvo</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>25</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>7500</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>2500</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>5000</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Aho</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Mohrano</i></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>45</i></p>
</td>
<td width="168" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>6975</i></p>
</td>
<td width="72" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>24750</i></p>
</td>
<td width="78" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>4500</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><i>In some villages due to trading families, the sheep and goat population is being changed drastically from 2100 to 4000in some villages. These trader purchase sheep and goat from livestock market and from different village and keep for one or two week in their village and then send to big cities like Hyderabad and mostly in Karachi.</i></p>
<p><b><i>5: Use of milk from sheep and goats in the area</i></b></p>
<p><i>There is no custom to sale sheep/ goat milk in study area,95-96% of sheep/goat milk is utilized as food in shape of raw milk, yoghurt, butter and ghee and only 3-4% of milk sold @ Rs. 40-50 /liter.</i></p>
<p><b><i>6: Husbandry conditions</i></b></p>
<p><b><i>a. Feeding:</i></b> <i>There are three type of feeding system prevails in study area:</i></p>
<p><b><i>i. Grazing on natural vegetation.</i></b></p>
<p><i>Nature grazing is the common practice in study area, Bhurt,Vaker, Curi, Moger, Cano, Bagro, Taandi, Satori, Heran Chhaper, Khabber, Satro,tussin, bair and trees like Kumbat, Peru, Kandi are the local name of famous natural vegetation found in Tharparkar (For scientific name refer annexure no.7). It is common saying among the indigenous at Tharparkar that sheep/goat eat 23 natural vegetation (herb, shrub & trees) while camel eat 26 types.</i></p>
<p><b><i>ii. Grazing on crop leftover.</i></b></p>
<p><i>Sheep /goat also graze on leftover after harvesting crop, when there is rain. These crops are harvested in the months of September and October and include</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_millet" title="Pearl millet"><i>bajra</i></a><i> </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulses" title="Pulses"><i>pulses</i></a><i>,</i><i> </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guar" title="Guar"><i>guar</i></a><i> </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jowar" title="Jowar"><i>jawar</i></a> <i>(Sorghum)</i><i>, maize and</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame"><i>sesame</i></a><i>.</i></p>
<p><b><i>iii. Grazing & homemade ration.</i></b></p>
<p><i>There are some sheep/goat herders who provide cotton seed cake, rice polish, vegetable /fruit waste and wheat bran, etc. to milking animals (Does, Ewes,) with natural grazing</i></p>
<p><b><i>b. Drinking</i></b><i>:</i></p>
<p><i>The rains play a vital role in the life of all parts of Thar as the water deposits in tobas and Taraie (small ponds) are used for drinking, washing and other purposes. These are the only source of water for animals and human in most of the desert area. The underground water is found in Tharparkar Desert after digging a very deep well, it comes out quite sour and putrid, simply undrinkable. In study area, well and Taraye are the common means of drinking water for human as well as animal. Well is constructed after drilling land up to 100 to 200 feet. Taraye are places build for the collection of rain water. Each community in the village has 1-3 wells in their surroundings. There are also shared wells in grazing field. Under ground water is not fit for drinking.</i></p>
<p><i>There is provision of water supply line from Government in the villages bordering large cities within Tharparkar District like Mithi and Nauwakote and other cities. In some village, water tanker is purchased @Rs. 4000 -5000/each for human consumption.</i></p>
<p><b><i>c. Housing</i></b><i>:</i></p>
<p><i>There is no systemic housing for sheep and goat, 95 to 97% animals are reared extensively and only 3 to 5 % animals are kept in houses with portable feeding and drinking pots in rural settings. While in Urban UCs of study area, people kept sheep/goat in an open pan outside or inside houses with portable feeding and drinking bowl. </i></p>
<p><b><i>d. Breeding</i></b></p>
<p><i>Breeding is completely natural, matting take place after the onset of rain (June and July) and kidding / lambing is usually once a year in November and December. In special case, when they have sufficient rainfall and lush green grazing, sheep and goat will give birth twice a year that is May / June & November/December. Single birth is common but some time twining take place. Pure breed is almost impossible to find because of uncontrolled breeding in study area. Male ratio is 1:40-50</i></p>
<p><b><i>7: Role of women/men in sheep/goat farming business</i></b></p>
<p><i>The common life style in Tharparkar is based on joint family system. All three generations; grand-parents, parents and children prefer to live under one roof. However, the men and women have divided out-door and domestic responsibilities among themselves according to their ages and skills. Main duties of the men in the family are ploughing the fields, animal-grazing, weaving and house-construction or other money-earning activities, whereas the women responsibilities include bringing water from the well or pond, cooking, washing, maintenance of house, thread-making, embroidering, knitting etc. The money earned through any means by anyone is the common property of the family. </i></p>
<p><i>Role of women is equally imperative in sheep/goat business. They are involved for watering, milking and parturition of sheep/goat. They are also involved in feeding at home and also at grazing area within and around their agriculture land. Women are not directly involved in livestock marketing but they are certainly part of market decision. A man role is mainly responsible for look after sheep and goat while grazing around villages. Usually two people are involved with one herd of 60 -100 animal. In urban UCs, on rental basis they charge 100-150 rupees per sheep/goat /month .</i></p>
<p><b><i>8: Marketing system of sheep and goats </i></b></p>
<p><i>There are three types of marketing system prevailing study are that is</i></p>
<p><i>a. <b>Sale though livestock traders</b>: There are livestock traders, who purchase sheep/goat from herders and send to nearby market or bring to Karachi and other big cities. In the village of Sangrore, UC Jorvo, there are 22 sheep and goat trader families out of total 105. These traders purchase animals from surrounding villages and collected in there village for 1-2 week and then bring to Karachi livestock market specially Landhi cattle colony. They takes 100 animals in one carrier (truck) , Which charge Rs. 30000 to 35000 for transportation, so it will be 300 to 350 transport expanses per head.</i></p>
<p><i>b. <b>Direct sale</b>: livestock herders brought their animals themselves to livestock markets (locally called Piri). Nearest markets are in Mithi City, Jhudo, Chachhro or Islamkote city. Livestock farmer prefer to sale animals at piri by themselves so that they will get cash in hand while trader who purchase their animal at village make payment within two to three months.</i></p>
<p><i>c. <b>Sale near religious and culture event</b>: There are some local producer (sheep /goat herder), who plan to sale their animal near religious event like Eid-ul-Adha and cultural event (Mela).</i></p>
<p><b><i>Current Price of animal/ animal products.</i></b></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr><td width="136" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Name of Product</i></p>
</td>
<td width="134" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Price (Rs)</i></p>
</td>
<td width="24" valign="top"><p align="center"><i> </i></p>
</td>
<td width="228" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Name of Product</i></p>
</td>
<td width="127" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Price (Rs)</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="136" valign="top"><p><b><i>Live animal goat</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="134" valign="top"><p><i>8000-12000 each</i></p>
</td>
<td width="24" valign="top"><p><i> </i></p>
</td>
<td width="228" valign="top"><p><i>Distress sale due to disease (Goat)</i></p>
</td>
<td width="127" valign="top"><p><i>3000-4000 each</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="136" valign="top"><p><b><i>Live animal Sheep</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="134" valign="top"><p><i>7000-10000 each</i></p>
</td>
<td width="24" valign="top"><p><i> </i></p>
</td>
<td width="228" valign="top"><p><i>Distress sale due to disease (Sheep)</i></p>
</td>
<td width="127" valign="top"><p><i>1500-3000 each</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="136" valign="top"><p><b><i>Mutton</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="134" valign="top"><p><i>400-450/Kg</i></p>
</td>
<td width="24" valign="top"><p><i> </i></p>
</td>
<td width="228" valign="top"><p><i>Skin (Goat)</i></p>
</td>
<td width="127" valign="top"><p><i>200-250 each</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="136" valign="top"><p><b><i>Goat/Sheep milk</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="134" valign="top"><p><i>40 -50/Litre</i></p>
</td>
<td width="24" valign="top"><p><i> </i></p>
</td>
<td width="228" valign="top"><p><i>Skin (Sheep)</i></p>
</td>
<td width="127" valign="top"><p><i>150-200 each</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="136" valign="top"><p><b><i>Wool</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="134" valign="top"><p><i>100-125/Kg</i></p>
</td>
<td width="24" valign="top"><p><i> </i></p>
</td>
<td width="228" valign="top"><p><i>Skin damage due to disease</i></p>
</td>
<td width="127" valign="top"><p><i>70-90 each</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p><b><i>9: Movement of animals</i></b></p>
<p><b><i>a. Movement during normal year: </i></b> <i>During normal year when there is sufficient rain and Desert of Tharparkar becomes lush green, movement of sheep and goat is not significant in study area but there is back ward movement of large and small ruminants place from surrounding Districs to the Tharparker District.</i></p>
<p><b><i>b. Movement during drought year:</i></b> <i>Two way movement is common , some communities like Bheel, Kolhi , Sameja, Mangria, Faqier (Jogi) and Kumber move to interior Sindh (Umerkote, Mirpukhas, Sanghar , Badin, Hala up to Kashmore District) for the search of labour work in rice and wheat field with their families and animals. They usually take all cattle and a few numbers of Sheep & Goat with them. The cause of moving cattle is scarcity of feed and reason for taking sheep/goat with them is like mobile ATM machine, whenever they need they can sale and got cash beside that their family utilizes milk from these animals for food during journey. Only 1 to 2% sheep and goats moves from Thar to Irrigated area of Sindh. They started their journey before the harvesting season of crop and do comeback with stock of rice or wheat grain as a service charges of their work after spending 2 to 3 months. During stay at interior Sindh, their animals graze on leftover from rice, wheat and other crops. After reaching to their home at Tharparker they sold half of stock of grains and save half for their families. It was also concluded that there is continuous movement of animas specially sheep/goat for marketing to big cities like Hyderabad and Karachi etc.</i></p>
<p><b><i>10: Relative importance of Common diseases of sheep and goats in the area</i></b></p>
<p><i>Following are the common sheep and goat diseases in the study area with their relative prevalence, seasonal occurrence and relative importance.</i></p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Sr.</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Disease Traditional name</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Scientific Name</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Relative prevalence</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Relative Importance</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><b><i>Seasonal Occurrence</i></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Samarho, Moharo</i></p>
<p align="center"><i>Moosaro, Moosari</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>FMD</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Sheep/Goat pox</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Sheep/Goat pox</i></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>March to August, October -November</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Phaprio, Khulko</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>CCPP</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>CCPP</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>CCPP</i></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>November to March.</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Teek, Teer</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>ET</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>FMD</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>ET</i></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>July to February</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Mata, Phorioo, Seenhro</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Sheep/Goat pox</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Parasitic disease</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>FMD</i></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Mar to December</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>5</i></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Kharish, Sokaro , Kaji</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Parasitic disease</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>ET</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>PPR</i></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>May to August</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>6</i></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Berki</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Anthrax</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>PPR</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Parasitic disease</i></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>October to December</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="31" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>7</i></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Kata</i></p>
</td>
<td width="114" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>PPR</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Anthrax</i></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>Anthrax</i></p>
</td>
<td width="198" valign="top"><p align="center"><i>September to December</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p></p>
<p><b><i>11: Historical pattern and Seasonality:</i></b></p>
<p><i> As for as season is concerned, mostly farmer have view that this disease can occur in any season</i></p>
<p><i> but more out-break were recorded last year in late Spring and summer (December & March).This</i></p>
<p><i> can be related to the movement of animal, season of lambing/ kidding and also to stress due to</i></p>
<p><i>movement and scarcity of nutrition resources. The incidence of PPR is also seen in summer in study</i></p>
<p><i>area.</i></p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="678">
<tbody><tr><td width="66"><p align="center"><b>Tradition month</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Poh</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Jhag</b></p>
</td>
<td width="48"><p align="center"><b>Phagen</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Chat</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Chat</b></p>
</td>
<td width="48"><p align="center"><b>Wesak</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Jat</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Achar</b></p>
</td>
<td width="48"><p align="center"><b>Sawan</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Badu</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Asu</b></p>
</td>
<td width="40"><p align="center"><b>Katie</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Nahri</b></p>
</td>
<td width="38"><p align="center"><b>Katie</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Nahri</b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="66"><p align="center"><b>Gregorian calendar</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>15 Dec- 15</b></p>
<p align="center"><b>Jan</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Jan -Feb</b></p>
</td>
<td width="48"><p align="center"><b>Feb-Mar</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Mar-Apr</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Ma- Apr</b></p>
</td>
<td width="48"><p align="center"><b>Apr-May</b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>May-Jun</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Jun-Jul</b></p>
</td>
<td width="48"><p align="center"><b><i>Jul -Aug</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b><i>Aug-Sep</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"><p align="center"><b>Sep-Oct</b></p>
</td>
<td width="40"><p align="center"><b>Oct-Nov</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Nov-Dec</b></p>
</td>
<td width="38"><p align="center"><b>Oct-Nov</b></p>
</td>
<td width="42"><p align="center"><b>Nov-Dec</b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="66"><p align="center"><b>Season</b></p>
</td>
<td width="162" colspan="4"><p align="center"><b>Summer</b></p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
</td>
<td width="36"></td>
<td width="174" colspan="4"><p align="center"><b>Autumn / Moonsoon</b></p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
</td>
<td width="160" colspan="4"><p align="center"><b>Winter</b></p>
<p align="center"><b> </b></p>
</td>
<td width="80" colspan="2"><p align="center"><b>Spring</b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p></p>
<p><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p><b><i>12: Veterinary facilities in the area</i></b></p>
<p><i>During discussion with Official from office of Deputy Director Livestock/ Animal Husbandry, it was concluded that there is serious shortage of Officers and officials overall in Tharparkar District.</i> <i>In study area, there is also non availability of building and local SA is running Veterinary center in the Wooden/mud made one room. There are only 11 Veterinarians and 123 Stock Assistants.</i> <i>This technical strength is very feeble because the working area is very difficult and need more technical man power with four wheels drive vehicles to approach. </i>.</p>
<p><b><i>13: Knowledge of farmers about PPR</i></b></p>
<p><i>PPR awareness is very low among the sheep/ goat herders. They have misconception regarding the combine infection of enterotoxaemia and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. They were not familiar about the name PPR or KATA. They recognized disease and informed about recent past outbreak after showing disease symptoms of PPR diseases.</i></p>
<p><b><i>14: Disease morbidity and mortality</i></b></p>
<p><i>It was concluded that in study area:</i></p>
<ol>
<li><i>a. </i> <i><u>Sheep & goat pox disease is</u></i> <i>causing high morbidity. The mortality is high in young stock (under six months) and in sheep.</i></li>
<li><i>b. </i> <i> Morbidity of <u>Foot & Mouth disease</u> is almost 100% in cattle, sheep and goat but mortality was notified only in calves, kid and lamb.</i></li>
<li><i>c. </i> <i><u>Enterio- toxemia</u></i> <i>is also killing sheep and goat in quantity. Morbidity is also high.</i></li>
<li><i>d. </i> <i> <u>Contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia</u> and <u>pasterullosis</u> are also suspected in study area with low morbidity and mortality.</i></li>
<li><i>e. </i> <i>Awareness regarding <u>PPR disease</u> is very low among sheep and goat herder. It was found difficult to recognize outbreak. It was informed during meeting with district staff of Livestock Sindh Department that in February and March 2013, there were confirmed PPR outbreaks in Taluk Mithi. After describing sign and symptom of PPR, majority of sheep/goat herders recognize morbidity and mortality from PPR disease.</i></li>
<li><i>f. </i> <i><u>Parasitic</u></i> <i><u>diseases</u> are also common especially in camel. Both internal and external parasites problems are prevalent. According to some elders, the cause for Itching in animals is due to allergy from some natural vegetation.</i></li>
<li><i>g. </i> <i>Abortion cases are also reported in goat with 2 to 2.5 months of pregnancy. Cause need to be investigated.</i></li>
<li><i>h. </i> <i>Outbreak of Anthrax disease was very common 4 to 5 years before. It was communicated that cases were present after rain, (Waskara) when there is ample quantity of lush green natural vegetation and crops available.</i></li>
</ol>
<p><i> </i></p>
<p><b><i>Traditional name of small ruminants’ diseases:</i></b></p>
<div align="center"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" width="672">
<tbody><tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><b><i>Sr.</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p align="center"><b><i>English Name</i></b></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p align="center"><b><i>Traditional Name</i></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>1</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>PPR</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Sheeinly, Sheendle, Zukam, Thandi, Kata,Sandli,</i> <i>Nazla, Garangh, Nimli,</i> <i>Thaddi, Mai, Thaddi, Wah</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>2</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>ET</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Serry, Laventop,</i> <i>Paichas, Wah, Rikhee, Mok, Bakna,</i> <i>Band Thaddi, Wah, Phirki, Reekhi, Thanhi, bhook, petta,</i> <i>Tauhi</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>3</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>CCPP</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Kalja, Garang, Bhuddi, khung, zukam Thaddi, Taku, Nazla Khansi, Phiphri, Khlonat</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>4</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>External Parasite (Mange)</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Meru, Khugli, Khusi, Sangwo, Kharish</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>5</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Contagious ecthyma</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Monh bora</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>6</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Anthrax</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Topaka, Phirki, pheta, Phirki, Jabbi,</i> <i>Tainky,</i> <i>Khon ki beemari, Thaken</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>7</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Warble fly</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Meru, Ghobare, Walyara,</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>8</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Goat Pox</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Thaddi, Cheechak, Dana thaddi, moti thaddi, Mata, Pholpha</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>9</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>FMD</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Munh Khur, Mohara,</i> <i>TABAQ, Somaro, Mohazo, Kangsus</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>10</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Stomatitis</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Arba, Moochala</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>11</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Stomatitis Enteritis</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Dhaka, Peerh, Bukhar dust, Toshoo</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>12</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Liver fluke</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Chhinboo, Bakh, Raij, Phat ka kiyra</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>13</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Tympani</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Toa Dum Dum, Bharti, Aphara</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="37"><p align="center"><i>14</i></p>
</td>
<td width="161"><p><i>Mastitis</i></p>
</td>
<td width="474"><p><i>Than Dukhni,</i> <i>Monh Sari, Thendukken, Saru, Than Soj</i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Source: FAO PPR impact report in Pakistan by Syed Noman Ali (2003)</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><i>Consultants concluded following recommendation.</i></p>
<p><i>1. </i> <i>The efficiency of livestock departmental district staff needs strengthening by providing training and improving monitoring.</i></p>
<p><i>2. </i> <i> The most important point is to liaise closely with and support district management for project activities. This is because district Mithi currently has limited mobility and trained manpower for successful vaccination campaign against PPR.</i></p>
<p><i>3. </i> <i>To get confidence about vaccination and better coverage, local community leaders & local NGOs should be involved.</i></p>
<p><i>4. </i> <i> All available communications medium need to be applies for improving awareness among herders.</i></p>
<p><i>5. </i> <i>Finally, continuous monitoring and evaluation should be carried out for better result. It is also recommended that first one union council is selected for vaccination against PPR. All the lessons learned from that vaccination should be incorporated to the vaccination strategy at other eight union council in Taluka Mithi.</i></p>
<p><i>6. </i> <i> The ideal locations for vaccination sheep/ goat are Tarai, and wells. Proper time for vaccination is gathering time of sheep and goat for watering from 9 am to 02 pm.</i></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><b><i> </i></b></p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<p> </p>Happy 2016!tag:penaph.ning.com,2016-01-07:4643023:BlogPost:253622016-01-07T06:08:51.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>We wish you a healthy, productive and participatory 2016! </p>
<p>While I write this, I realize that I didn't share the summary of the FAO e-discussion on PE - week 3. My apologies! I thought it was interesting as there are a number of practical examples given by colleagues from various corners of the world. Enjoy reading. </p>
<p><i>“In pastoral communities, government organisations in collaboration with development donors concentrate on controlling tick borne diseases while forgetting…</i></p>
<p>We wish you a healthy, productive and participatory 2016! </p>
<p>While I write this, I realize that I didn't share the summary of the FAO e-discussion on PE - week 3. My apologies! I thought it was interesting as there are a number of practical examples given by colleagues from various corners of the world. Enjoy reading. </p>
<p><i>“In pastoral communities, government organisations in collaboration with development donors concentrate on controlling tick borne diseases while forgetting production and consumption practices, which exposes those communities to greater chances of contracting zoonoses, such as anthrax and TB.”<br/></i> Honest Ndanu (private practitioner)</p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<p><i>“Through participatory disease surveillance, we were able to establish the major livestock species kept and diseases of priority in different communities in Plateau State, Nigeria. Most of the communities kept more poultry than any other livestock species, which dictated the diseases of utmost importance. However, in the course of the exercise one particular community differed in the livestock species kept, and of course the diseases of utmost importance as well. This community is likely to have a different need with regards to disease control than what was generally assumed for the area. PE is therefore a necessary tool to help governments and farmers control the diseases that are of importance to the different farming communities.”</i></p>
<p>Dr Ndahi Mwapu (MoARD, Abuja, Nigeria)</p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<p><i>“I would like to share my own experience in Kenya and Somalia with a somehow “positive” example from a PE exercise implemented under an ECHO emergency project aimed at assessing the livestock health in one specific district (Garissa) in Kenya. The PE survey teams were always formed by veterinarians from the vet services and external experts. This exercise was reproduced in different districts in north eastern Kenya. Following this exercise, in partnership with the Kenyan veterinary services, we integrated the obtained information with previous evidence of diseases presence in the district. Vaccines were purchased (according to the different PE ranks) and vaccination campaigns targeted different diseases in different districts was implemented. Although the control of tick borne diseases and trypanosomiasis had ranked highly, the project (and the Veterinary Services), for a number of reasons (mostly economic and practicability of actions) did not implement any actions towards these diseases. This showed the limitation of the exercise.”</i></p>
<p>Marco De Nardi (SAFOSO)</p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<p><i>“For pure pastoral systems there are different disease priorities; diseases that impact trade are considered a priority while zoonoses are perceived as less important. Diseases like East Coast fever that cause a high mortality are considered as more important than brucellosis. The reason for this is that the effects of ECF can be felt more directly/immediately (e.g. calves deaths and high treatment cost associated with treating sick animals).”</i></p>
<p>Emamnuel Swai (Vet Services, Tanzania)</p>
<p> </p>
<p>“For farmers to address their specific needs, it was suggested that cooperatives could be formed to lend a larger voice to specific issues. Secondarily, these cooperatives may have the ability to help control aspects of disease on their own without waiting for government intervention.”</p>
<p>Dr Ndahi Mwapu (MoARD, Abuja, Nigeria)</p>
<p> </p>
<p>There was also a suggested strategy for dealing with diverging priorities that could benefit both communities and governments:</p>
<p> </p>
<p><i>“It could be useful to review the outcomes from past participatory animal disease findings in contrast to the information obtained from health authorities using clinical and laboratory findings. This exercise could provide insights as to whether the disease priorities from communities and governments are the same. This could rectify situations where official veterinary services cannot reach all the communities or where their surveillance systems are unable to detect diseases present in communities. In these cases the real incidence will often be underestimated or not diagnosed at all, leading to disease control strategies failing to not address the needs of these communities.</i> <i> </i></p>
<p>Dr. Fidel Villegas Anze (Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno)</p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<p><b> </b></p>
<p>In regards to PE improving the management of endemic disease, it was noted that the very nature of engaging farmers/communities in discussion will help promote dialogue as well as improve priority setting. Emamnuel Swai (Vet Services, Tanzania) provided the following specific example showcasing how PE did in fact improve the government’s control method and knowledge base of an endemic disease:</p>
<p> </p>
<p>“PE helped to build an understanding of the immediate and long term impact of one particular disease. Our experience with a farmer driven study on cattle suffering from IBK revealed a very astonishing result due to the use of PE. Although it was known that the causative agent is <i>Bacterial Morexella spp</i>, the vector agent responsible came as a surprise. A nocturnal insect which is rarely reported in Africa (Uganda and Ivory Coast) proved to be the main culprit. The insects are tiny and rarely seen during the day; they only land on the animals’ eye during the night and later disappear. One must spend a night at cattle boma to be able to see them. Such information was an eye opener to the veterinary authorities at local, regional, and national scales. At the same time, it was greatly appreciated knowledge for the farmers who knew very little about the role of the fly.”</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Finally, Dr. Fidel Villegas Anze (Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno) provided a scenario which nicely captures how PE can be used to also aid with emerging and re-emerging diseases:</p>
<p>“PE could be a great tool, especially allowing “forgotten communities” by the veterinary services to express their needs and become more “visible”. This could be an interesting way to enable the authorities to listen to the needs and enable these communities on the basis of their culture or nanomedicine to solved their problems. Furthermore, this dialogue could perhaps improve national disease control strategies and the management of the herds by the communities, adapting strategies and avoiding conflicts between national authorities and the communities. This partnership would allow communities to be trained on the control of identified diseases in line with the objectives of the (national) veterinary service. Finally it could improve the surveillance system as communities would communicate also other diseases besides priority diseases such as emerging or re-emerging diseases, and thus enhance the capacity to generate information on epidemics in animal and veterinary public health.”</p>
<p> </p>
<p></p>FAO participatory epidemiology discussion forum - week 1tag:penaph.ning.com,2015-10-12:4643023:BlogPost:251382015-10-12T09:04:57.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>Welcome to the first week of the participatory epidemiology discussion forum. Simply email Ryan Aguanno (Ryan.Aguanno@fao.org) in order to send in your response. </p>
<p>The definition of PE is probably one of the most discussed and controversial issues around PE. Do you agree with the two definitions provided or are there any ways, according to your experience, in which these definitions could be improved?</p>
<p>Please feel free to share examples of PE that you are familiar with and how…</p>
<p>Welcome to the first week of the participatory epidemiology discussion forum. Simply email Ryan Aguanno (Ryan.Aguanno@fao.org) in order to send in your response. </p>
<p>The definition of PE is probably one of the most discussed and controversial issues around PE. Do you agree with the two definitions provided or are there any ways, according to your experience, in which these definitions could be improved?</p>
<p>Please feel free to share examples of PE that you are familiar with and how these (or other definitions of PE) would apply.</p>
<p><i><u> </u></i></p>
<p><i><u>Definitions:</u></i></p>
<p> </p>
<ul>
<li><i>Mariner, J.C. and Paskin, R. (2000). Participatory Epidemiology: Methods for the Collection of Action-Orientated Epidemiological Intelligence. FAO Animal Health Manual no. 10 (</i><a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X8833E/X8833E00.HTM"><i>http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X8833E/X8833E00.HTM</i></a><i>)</i></li>
</ul>
<p><i>“Participatory epidemiology is an emerging field that is based on the use of participatory techniques for the harvesting of qualitative epidemiological intelligence contained within community observations, existing veterinary knowledge and traditional oral history.”</i></p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<p><i> </i></p>
<ul>
<li><i>Catley., A; Alders RG, Wood JLN (2012). Participatory epidemiology: approaches, methods, experiences. The Veterinary Journal, 191: 151 - 160</i></li>
</ul>
<p><i>“Participatory epidemiology is the systematic use of participatory approaches and methods to improve understanding of diseases and options for animal disease control.”</i></p>
<p><i>The term ‘participatory’ should be used to refer to the active involvement of communities in the definition of project objectives and development of disease control strategies and therefore should go beyond the simple provision of information to outsiders.</i></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Remember to try and be concise with your answers and try your best to stay on topic. Some of the responses will be redistributed to all forum members mid-week in order to promote discussion. Should you be unable to reply until later don’t worry, responses will continue to be compiled until week 2’s question is released.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>FAO discussion forum on participatory epidemiology 12-30 October 2015tag:penaph.ning.com,2015-10-08:4643023:BlogPost:252342015-10-08T05:53:46.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p><span class="font-size-2">FAO is organizing a discussion forum on participatory epidemiology 12-30 October 2015</span></p>
<p></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2">The aim is to examine the past, present, and future applications of PE. The overall goal of this project will be to build on prior lessons learned and further advance PE by:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span class="font-size-2">providing a definition of PE with various examples of successful implementation…</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span class="font-size-2">FAO is organizing a discussion forum on participatory epidemiology 12-30 October 2015</span></p>
<p></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2">The aim is to examine the past, present, and future applications of PE. The overall goal of this project will be to build on prior lessons learned and further advance PE by:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span class="font-size-2">providing a definition of PE with various examples of successful implementation</span></li>
<li><span class="font-size-2">highlighting avenues for its inclusion in projects</span></li>
<li><span class="font-size-2">indicating what future improvements can be made and how they may arise</span></li>
<li><span class="font-size-2">summarising all of the above in to a published report </span></li>
</ul>
<p><span class="font-size-2">The purpose of this blog is to provide an overview of the project, present a timeline, and answer any questions you may have before the forum commences next week.</span></p>
<p></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2"><b>Duration and structure of the email discussion</b></span></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2">The discussions are envisaged to be over a period of 3 weeks, each week discussing a new theme. The discussion will begin on Monday 12 October, when participants will be asked to send their contributions (responses, questions, or concerns) to Ryan Aguanno at <a href="mailto:FAO-participatory-epi-L@fao.org">FAO-participatory-epi-L@fao.org</a>. We would appreciate concise responses and encourage the use of personal observations and experiences. However we do ask that if appropriate, references are utilised. The discussion will be private and moderated to ensure members are not flooded with emails and topics are accurately addressed.</span></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2"><b>If you want to participate please email Ryan Aguanno (<a href="mailto:ryan.aguanno@fao.org">ryan.aguanno@fao.org</a>) to be added to the distribution list</b> <b>as the email address above has not yet been activated.</b></span></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2">As with projects and studies utilising PE, success is dependent on eliciting participation from all members. We look forward to reading your inputs concerning the weekly topic for debate. The schedule for the three weeks of discussion will be as follows:</span></p>
<p></p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr><td width="109" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2"><b>Time (CET)</b></span></p>
</td>
<td width="324" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2"><b>Action</b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="109" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Monday</span></p>
</td>
<td width="324" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Weekly topic released</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="109" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Wednesday</span></p>
</td>
<td width="324" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Summary of responses received to date released</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="109" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Friday</span></p>
</td>
<td width="324" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Commenting closed</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span class="font-size-2"><i> </i></span></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2"><i> </i></span></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2"><i> </i></span></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2"><b>Weekly topics to be discussed</b></span></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2">The following topics will be provided at the start of the week along with some background information to help shape the discussion:</span></p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr><td width="130" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2"><b>Week</b></span></p>
</td>
<td width="460" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2"><b>Topic Summary</b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="130" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">#1 = Oct 12</span></p>
</td>
<td width="460" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Characterise PE and provide an example of its successful application</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="130" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">#2 = Oct 19</span></p>
</td>
<td width="460" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">How can PE activities be institutionalised to allow for their use in policy development at various levels (ex: national and international)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width="130" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">#3 = Oct 26</span></p>
</td>
<td width="460" valign="top"><p><span class="font-size-2">Where should priorities lie for developing PE in the future</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span class="font-size-2"> </span></p>
<p><span class="font-size-2">We look forward to your active participation. Should you have any immediate questions you may reply directly to <a href="mailto:ryan.aguanno@fao.org">ryan.aguanno@fao.org</a>. Beginning next week we will begin communication using the <a href="mailto:FAO-participatory-epi-L@fao.org">FAO-participatory-epi-L@fao.org</a> address.</span></p>PE in Southern Africa is expanding!tag:penaph.ning.com,2015-09-03:4643023:BlogPost:251282015-09-03T16:03:28.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>On August 24-29, 2015, Saskia Hendrickx from ILRI Mozambique facilitated a training course on Participatory Surveillance in Animal Health in Lilongwe, Malawi. The course was an initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS) in coordination with the Centre for Tick and Tickborne Diseases.</p>
<p>Participants of this 6-day course came from 6 countries: Democratic Republic of Congo (2), Malawi (9), Mozambique (3), Namibia…</p>
<p>On August 24-29, 2015, Saskia Hendrickx from ILRI Mozambique facilitated a training course on Participatory Surveillance in Animal Health in Lilongwe, Malawi. The course was an initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (USDA-APHIS) in coordination with the Centre for Tick and Tickborne Diseases.</p>
<p>Participants of this 6-day course came from 6 countries: Democratic Republic of Congo (2), Malawi (9), Mozambique (3), Namibia (2), South Africa (1) and Zambia (2). Most of them were veterinarians working for government at central, provincial or district level but there were also colleagues from Academia and research. The course was a combination of theoretical and practical sessions including four field practices in 4 different Extension Planning Areas in Lilongwe district.</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047463?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="350" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979047463?profile=RESIZE_480x480" width="350" class="align-left"/></a></p>
<p>With this training, the group of Participatory Epidemiology practitioners (or almost practitioners) in Southern Africa is further growing, joining colleagues in Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. </p>
<p></p>
<p></p>On-line survey on the use of participatory approaches for the evaluation of animal health surveillance systemstag:penaph.ning.com,2015-06-05:4643023:BlogPost:249352015-06-05T09:55:07.000ZValeriahttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/Valeria
<p>Dear colleagues,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>It is currently open an on-line survey to define the interest of experts in using participatory approaches for the evaluation of animal health surveillance systems, the circumstances in which they are the more suitable and their applicability. It would be great to have your opinion!</p>
<p> </p>
<p>If you agree to participate to the survey please follow the link:…</p>
<p>Dear colleagues,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>It is currently open an on-line survey to define the interest of experts in using participatory approaches for the evaluation of animal health surveillance systems, the circumstances in which they are the more suitable and their applicability. It would be great to have your opinion!</p>
<p> </p>
<p>If you agree to participate to the survey please follow the link: <a href="https://fr.surveymonkey.com/r/JQF2B6Q" target="_blank">https://fr.surveymonkey.com/r/JQF2B6Q</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p>This survey is part of the RISKSUR project. RISKSUR is an European project funded by the 7th Framework Programme. Its overall aim is to develop and validate conceptual and decision support frameworks and associated tools for designing efficient risk-based animal health surveillance systems.</p>
<p>The WP5 of RISKSUR project, involved in the evaluation of epidemiological and economic effectiveness of surveillance systems, is taking forward this survey, as part of a planned wider mapping exercise on the use of participatory tools for the evaluation of Animal Health surveillance systems.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The survey will be carried in two stages:</p>
<p>1) A questionnaire will be sent to a large panel of experts in epidemiology, surveillance, participatory epidemiology in developing and developed countries. The questionnaire will be filled directly online and answered individually. All results will be anonymized.</p>
<p>2) The answers will be analysed and the results presented during a workshop organised in Liège mid-June 2015 in front of a selected panel of experts. As the results of the different questions are presented a facilitated discussion has to take place. Finally, the results will be amended by the group of experts and make available on the RISKSUR website: <a href="http://www.fp7-risksur.eu/progress/public-deliverables" target="_blank">http://www.fp7-risksur.eu/progress/public-deliverables</a>.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Thanking you in advance for your collaboration,</p>
<p>Regards</p>New PE Tool in Thailand - Local Adaptationtag:penaph.ning.com,2015-03-03:4643023:BlogPost:247042015-03-03T10:41:09.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046087?profile=original" target="_self"><img class="align-full" height="342" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046087?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="609"></img></a> The participants in Thailand asked for plastic back scratchers to help move the beans around in proportional piling exercises. We provided a few and they were very popular. The exercises looked a bit like game tables in a casino…</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046087?profile=original" target="_self"><img width="750" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046087?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" width="609" class="align-full" height="342"/></a>The participants in Thailand asked for plastic back scratchers to help move the beans around in proportional piling exercises. We provided a few and they were very popular. The exercises looked a bit like game tables in a casino though!</p>Global Health Institutetag:penaph.ning.com,2015-02-10:4643023:BlogPost:246482015-02-10T13:31:47.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>I attend a day of the Global Health Institute Conference today. </p>
<p><a href="http://www.vet.cmu.ac.th/GHI-thailand2014/">http://www.vet.cmu.ac.th/GHI-thailand2014/</a></p>
<p>There was an impressive series of papers by university faculty on PE in One Health in general and presenting results of One Health studies on topics such as holistic control of fish-transmitted Opisthorchis liver fluke infection of man, flood related disease in Thailand and livestock livelihood issues in Pai…</p>
<p>I attend a day of the Global Health Institute Conference today. </p>
<p><a href="http://www.vet.cmu.ac.th/GHI-thailand2014/">http://www.vet.cmu.ac.th/GHI-thailand2014/</a></p>
<p>There was an impressive series of papers by university faculty on PE in One Health in general and presenting results of One Health studies on topics such as holistic control of fish-transmitted Opisthorchis liver fluke infection of man, flood related disease in Thailand and livestock livelihood issues in Pai District, Thailand. The Opisthorchis study really covered all the medical, veterinary and environmental bases from both the epidemiological and control perspective.</p>PE training in Nairobi/Kajiadotag:penaph.ning.com,2015-02-05:4643023:BlogPost:246442015-02-05T16:19:52.000ZSimon Kihuhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SimonKihu
<p>Vetworks Eastern Africa will facilitate a PE introductory training at Ngong Farmers training centre and Kajiado. The training will be held as from 30th March 2015. The training will earn earn animal health practitioners 39 continous proffesional devepment (CPD) points. </p>
<p>Vetworks Eastern Africa will facilitate a PE introductory training at Ngong Farmers training centre and Kajiado. The training will be held as from 30th March 2015. The training will earn earn animal health practitioners 39 continous proffesional devepment (CPD) points. </p>PE Training in South East Asiatag:penaph.ning.com,2015-01-14:4643023:BlogPost:245602015-01-14T04:21:11.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>Through the COM-Across One Health Project, PENAPH is facilitating a number of activities with the South East Asian (SEA) Networks (SEA-PREID and APPEN). Last year we conducted Training of Trainers for members from SEA of the SEA_PREID and APPEN networks with assistance form CIRAD at Kasetsart. Last week we provided the first week of an Introductory PE Course for Practitioners from Thailand at Kasetsart University. The training team came from Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen and Kasetsart Universities.…</p>
<p>Through the COM-Across One Health Project, PENAPH is facilitating a number of activities with the South East Asian (SEA) Networks (SEA-PREID and APPEN). Last year we conducted Training of Trainers for members from SEA of the SEA_PREID and APPEN networks with assistance form CIRAD at Kasetsart. Last week we provided the first week of an Introductory PE Course for Practitioners from Thailand at Kasetsart University. The training team came from Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen and Kasetsart Universities. The training was one of the most energetic I have attended. My hat is off to the SEA trainers and participants!</p>
<p></p>
<p>In February, we will initiate a training for Lao and Cambodian participants at Chiang Mai as part of the GHI event being organized at Chiang Mai University In March, we will complete the field work for the practitioners training for Thailand in Ayutthaya.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>PE practicioners from Ghanatag:penaph.ning.com,2014-04-02:4643023:BlogPost:245282014-04-02T08:10:44.000ZMarisa Peyrehttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/MarisaPeyre
<p>Dear PENAPH Colleagues,</p>
<p></p>
<p>I am looking for at least 2 PE practicioners from Ghana who could be available to conduct a participatory study in Ghana for 2 months from the 26th of April.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Please contact me directly at: <a href="mailto:marisa.peyre@cirad.fr">marisa.peyre@cirad.fr</a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Thanks for your help!</p>
<p>Kind regards,</p>
<p>Marisa</p>
<p>Dear PENAPH Colleagues,</p>
<p></p>
<p>I am looking for at least 2 PE practicioners from Ghana who could be available to conduct a participatory study in Ghana for 2 months from the 26th of April.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Please contact me directly at: <a href="mailto:marisa.peyre@cirad.fr">marisa.peyre@cirad.fr</a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Thanks for your help!</p>
<p>Kind regards,</p>
<p>Marisa</p>PENAPH Technical Conference Dinnertag:penaph.ning.com,2012-11-02:4643023:BlogPost:220472012-11-02T08:31:20.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p></p>
<p>The PENAPH Technical Conference being held in Chiang Mai on Dec 11 to 13 will hold its conference dinner at Khum Khantoke. This is a elegant garden restaurant with traditional Thai dancing. The conference dinner is included in the conference registration fee and also open to all those who have waiver of the fee or are supported by a stipend. So, everyone is invited! You can see some photos of the restaurant venue at:…</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>The PENAPH Technical Conference being held in Chiang Mai on Dec 11 to 13 will hold its conference dinner at Khum Khantoke. This is a elegant garden restaurant with traditional Thai dancing. The conference dinner is included in the conference registration fee and also open to all those who have waiver of the fee or are supported by a stipend. So, everyone is invited! You can see some photos of the restaurant venue at:</p>
<p><a href="http://khantoke.com/#">http://khantoke.com/#</a></p>
<p>Hope to see you there!</p>Workshop on Modeling and Simulation at the Interface of Social, Epidemiological and Ecological Sciencestag:penaph.ning.com,2012-10-25:4643023:BlogPost:219512012-10-25T14:19:24.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>Colleagues, </p>
<p>There will be an in Workshop on Modeling to be held in Bangkok, just after the PENAPH Technical Workshop in Chiang Mai:</p>
<p>Workshop on Modeling and Simulation at the Interface of Social, Epidemiological and Ecological Sciences: Building up Collaboration in South East-Asia.</p>
<p>Date: 19th-20th December 2012</p>
<p>Location: Bangkok</p>
<p>See the news in the Grease website (<a href="http://www.grease-network.com/">http://www.grease-network.com/</a>) for details and…</p>
<p>Colleagues, </p>
<p>There will be an in Workshop on Modeling to be held in Bangkok, just after the PENAPH Technical Workshop in Chiang Mai:</p>
<p>Workshop on Modeling and Simulation at the Interface of Social, Epidemiological and Ecological Sciences: Building up Collaboration in South East-Asia.</p>
<p>Date: 19th-20th December 2012</p>
<p>Location: Bangkok</p>
<p>See the news in the Grease website (<a href="http://www.grease-network.com/">http://www.grease-network.com/</a>) for details and registration.</p>Registration for the PENAPH First Technical Workshop Now Opentag:penaph.ning.com,2012-09-04:4643023:BlogPost:217332012-09-04T17:18:35.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>We look forward to seeing you in Chiang Mai on December 11-13 in Chiang Mai. We had a large number of abstract submissions from around the world. We accepted 32 abstracts out of 55 submissions as oral presentations. An additional 12 were accepted as posters. It looks like we will be having a very lively and diverse program with a wide range of presentations, discussion forums and social events in Chiang Mai. You can now register at…</p>
<p>We look forward to seeing you in Chiang Mai on December 11-13 in Chiang Mai. We had a large number of abstract submissions from around the world. We accepted 32 abstracts out of 55 submissions as oral presentations. An additional 12 were accepted as posters. It looks like we will be having a very lively and diverse program with a wide range of presentations, discussion forums and social events in Chiang Mai. You can now register at <a href="http://peworkshop.eventbrite.com/">http://peworkshop.eventbrite.com/</a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Registration, payment of conference fees and hotel booking will be a three-step process. In the first step, participants will register and indicate if they wish to request a waiver of conference fees. The scientific committee will review all requests for waivers and inform those who have been awarded a waiver and give them a code for obtaining a conference ticket. </p>
<p></p>
<p>The second step will be payment of the conference fee (175 US Dollars). This is calculated to cover the cost of meals and logistical costs related to individual participation. If you have applied for a stipend or waiver, you will need to wait until we have reviewed your request to visit the payment site. If you have other sources of support, we request that you do not apply for a waiver as our ability to provide waivers is limited. We will inform you when the payment site is operational.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The PENAPH Conference will be held at the Imperial Mae Ping Hotel in Chiang Mai and you can visit their website (<a href="http://www.imperialhotels.com/imperialmaeping">http://www.imperialhotels.com/imperialmaeping</a>) for a description of facilities. Room rates are 1,200 Baht for a single and 1,400 Bhat for a twin room including breakfast. A special rate with wifi is 100 Bhat more per day. The approximately 30 Bhat equal 1 US Dollar. For those who are granted a waiver of fees, they will still need to book and pay for their hotel. We will inform you when the hotel booking process is operational. Those with a waiver for conference fees will still need to book and pay for their hotel.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>We estimate that the total local costs (conference fee, hotel and incidentals) will be 350 US Dollars. Participants without stipends will also need to budget for a visa and airfare to Bangkok and then on to Chiang Mai, as appropriate to their location.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>See you in Chiang Mai!</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The Technical Workshop Organizing Committee</p>Response to the PENAPH First Technical Workshop Call for Abstractstag:penaph.ning.com,2012-07-17:4643023:BlogPost:216342012-07-17T12:52:04.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>PENAPH is very pleased to announce that 56 abstracts were received in response to the call for abstracts for the PENAPH First Technical Workshop that will be held in Chiang Mai on December 11-13, 2012. All abstracts are currently being anonymously reviewed by the scientific committee. The registration site should be up soon on PENAPH website. Thanks to all those who submitted abstracts. It looks like we will have some fine presentations and dialogue.</p>
<p>PENAPH is very pleased to announce that 56 abstracts were received in response to the call for abstracts for the PENAPH First Technical Workshop that will be held in Chiang Mai on December 11-13, 2012. All abstracts are currently being anonymously reviewed by the scientific committee. The registration site should be up soon on PENAPH website. Thanks to all those who submitted abstracts. It looks like we will have some fine presentations and dialogue.</p>Call for PENAPH Abstracts for the Technical Workshop Extended to July 6thtag:penaph.ning.com,2012-06-29:4643023:BlogPost:211362012-06-29T12:26:14.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>PENAPH has received a good number of quality abstracts for the PENAPH Technical Workshop to be held in Chiang Mai on Dec 11-13, 2012. We are extending the deadline to July 6th, 2012 to give those rushing at the las minute a bit more time.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Jeff Mariner</p>
<p>PENAPH Coordinator </p>
<p>PENAPH has received a good number of quality abstracts for the PENAPH Technical Workshop to be held in Chiang Mai on Dec 11-13, 2012. We are extending the deadline to July 6th, 2012 to give those rushing at the las minute a bit more time.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Jeff Mariner</p>
<p>PENAPH Coordinator </p>PENAPH Technical Workshop Dec 11-13 at Chiang Maitag:penaph.ning.com,2012-06-27:4643023:BlogPost:212402012-06-27T11:46:50.000ZJeffrey C Marinerhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/JeffreyCMariner
<p>Some members have asked if it they must submit an abstract in order to attend the PENAPH Technical Workshop in December. I just want to clarify that all those who wish to participate are welcome. There is no requirement to submit an abstract. There will be a limited number of stipends to support attendance and to compete for a stipend, you must have an abstract accepted.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Also congratulations to all on having surpassed three hundred members. As Saskia pointed out, we look…</p>
<p>Some members have asked if it they must submit an abstract in order to attend the PENAPH Technical Workshop in December. I just want to clarify that all those who wish to participate are welcome. There is no requirement to submit an abstract. There will be a limited number of stipends to support attendance and to compete for a stipend, you must have an abstract accepted.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Also congratulations to all on having surpassed three hundred members. As Saskia pointed out, we look forward to seeing messages about your local activities or requests for information.</p>300 members!tag:penaph.ning.com,2012-06-21:4643023:BlogPost:215222012-06-21T06:30:00.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>I just wanted to let you know that today PENAPH welcomed its 300<sup>th</sup> member! Welcome Dr Emmanuel Swai from the Veterinary Investigation Centre in Arusha, Tanzania. Although he only joins the community of practice now, Dr Swai has been a key person in the introduction of PE and PDS in Tanzania. </p>
<p>It is encouraging to see that the group of PE practitioners, trainers and interested persons is growing day by day. I would like to encourage you to post some of your experiences on…</p>
<p>I just wanted to let you know that today PENAPH welcomed its 300<sup>th</sup> member! Welcome Dr Emmanuel Swai from the Veterinary Investigation Centre in Arusha, Tanzania. Although he only joins the community of practice now, Dr Swai has been a key person in the introduction of PE and PDS in Tanzania. </p>
<p>It is encouraging to see that the group of PE practitioners, trainers and interested persons is growing day by day. I would like to encourage you to post some of your experiences on the blog, I'm sure we can learn from each other.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Keep up the good work,</p>
<p>Saskia</p>Short contract: PE practitioners needed for pilot study in Kenyatag:penaph.ning.com,2012-05-23:4643023:BlogPost:200202012-05-23T10:27:55.000ZHeather Hannahhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/HeatherHannah
<p>ILRI seeks qualified participatory epidemiology practitioners to assist with a short study using participatory epidemiology in a pastoralist region in Kenya in early June. The study will expand the understanding of participatory approaches in surveillance and associated costs and benefits. This initiative builds upon the findings obtained from an ongoing project started in 2008, Early Detection, Reporting and Surveillance for Avian Influenza in Africa (EDRSAIA).</p>
<p><b>Minimum…</b></p>
<p>ILRI seeks qualified participatory epidemiology practitioners to assist with a short study using participatory epidemiology in a pastoralist region in Kenya in early June. The study will expand the understanding of participatory approaches in surveillance and associated costs and benefits. This initiative builds upon the findings obtained from an ongoing project started in 2008, Early Detection, Reporting and Surveillance for Avian Influenza in Africa (EDRSAIA).</p>
<p><b>Minimum qualifications:</b> Motivated PE practitioners with interests in or experience with pastoralist communities in Kenya are solicited. The ideal candidates will be veterinary professionals with excellent communication and facilitation skills. Preference will be given to individuals with advanced understanding of economics and East African residents.</p>
<p><b>When:</b> June 2012, approximately 9 working days</p>
<p><b>Where:</b> rural Kenya, Kajiado District</p>
<p><b>Working language:</b> Kiswahili and English essential; Knowledge of local languages is an advantage</p>
<p><b>Conditions:</b> Expenses covered by ILRI (per diem, travel and an appropriate salary).</p>
<p><b>How to apply:</b> Send your CV and an e-mail (please include "EDRSAIA PE practitioner" in the subject line) explaining your interest and anticipated contributions to Heather Hannah (<a href="mailto:vetepi@gmail.com">vetepi@gmail.com</a>). Please ensure supervisors are aware of your application to avoid later conflicts.</p>
<p><b>Application deadline:</b> May 31, 2012</p>PENAPH Technical Workshop: Call for Abstractstag:penaph.ning.com,2012-05-23:4643023:BlogPost:204392012-05-23T07:26:22.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>PENAPH will be holding a technical workshop to bring together trainers, practitioners and others interested in Participatory Epidemiology (PE) and its applications in animal health, one health and ecohealth. The organization of the workshop is supported by a grant to ILRI from the Rockefeller Foundation through the Empowering National and Regional Stakeholders Grant.</p>
<p>The Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai…</p>
<p>PENAPH will be holding a technical workshop to bring together trainers, practitioners and others interested in Participatory Epidemiology (PE) and its applications in animal health, one health and ecohealth. The organization of the workshop is supported by a grant to ILRI from the Rockefeller Foundation through the Empowering National and Regional Stakeholders Grant.</p>
<p>The Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific (VPHCAP) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University has graciously agreed to host the meeting in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The program activities include keynote speeches and presentations of papers, discussion forums, poster sessions and social events. Discussion forums, oral and poster presentations will be given in English. Electronic proceedings will be produced that contain the papers presented and results of discussion forums. More details can be found on <a href="http://www.penaph.net">www.penaph.net</a>. Communications concerning the Technical Workshop will be posted on <a href="http://www.penaph.net">www.penaph.net</a> and broadcast by E-mail to PENAPH members.</p>
<p><strong>Call for abstracts</strong></p>
<p>Abstracts are warmly invited for both oral and poster presentations at the 2012 PENAPH Technical Workshop. Please submit abstracts on work related to any of the following topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>Participatory Epidemiology: lessons learned and perspectives - what worked, what didn’t, why and how?</li>
<li>Methods for assessment and evaluation of surveillance programs that include Participatory Disease Surveillance</li>
<li>Validation of participatory tools in epidemiology and comparison of Participatory Epidemiology with conventional research methods</li>
<li>How to integrate Participatory Epidemiology and Participatory Disease Surveillance with conventional research and surveillance methods in animal health, one health and ecohealth?</li>
<li>Participatory impact assessment of health related activities</li>
<li>Innovative approaches from qualitative and semi-quantitative research methods in fields other than animal health, one health & eco-health (e.g. social sciences, human epidemiology, or public health).</li>
</ul>
<p>The deadline for submission of abstracts is 1st July 2012.</p>
<p>All abstracts submitted will be reviewed by the Scientific Committee of the PENAPH Technical Workshop.</p>
<p>All authors will be contacted by 15th August 2012 and informed if their submission has been selected as an oral or poster presentation at the PENAPH Technical Workshop.</p>
<p>The presenting author must register for the workshop by 30th September 2012.</p>
<p>For more information about the abstract submission and requirements, please read the short description on the PENAPH website at <a href="http://penaph.net/first-technical-workshop">http://penaph.net/first-technical-workshop</a> / or download the abstract template.</p>
<p><strong>Call for discussion forums</strong></p>
<p>PENAPH is seeking suggestions for topics to be discussed at the 2012 Technical Workshop. The discussions are intended to provide opportunities for workshop participants to better understand the theory and practical applications of PE, to gain new knowledge and insight about PE, and to interact with other PE practitioners from around the world.</p>
<p>Submit suggested topics by sending a comment to the Technical Workshop Organizing Committee on the workshop page (<a href="http://penaph.net/first-technical-workshop/Suggestions">http://penaph.net/first-technical-workshop/Suggestions</a> for discussion topics should include a clear question and a short background statement to provide context for the question. If possible it would be helpful to provide 1-2 key learning objectives for the discussion and suggestions for a facilitator who will be able to help frame the discussion.</p>
<p>All facilitators and discussion participants must register for the workshop. Final selection of the discussion topics will be done by the Technical Workshop Scientific Committee.</p>
<p><strong>Stipends</strong></p>
<p>A limited number of stipends for participants from developing countries are funded through the Empowering National and Regional Stakeholders Project. Participants from developing countries who have a paper or poster accepted and do not have an on-going sponsoring project for their work will be given priority. Projects active in the area of PE are encouraged to support participants to the workshop as an opportunity to share their findings. Information on projected costs for self-funded participants will be made available in a second announcement. Under the Empowering National and Regional Stakeholder Project, a call for applications for mentored field studies was completed and those projects that have been funded are required to submit an abstract for presentation at the workshop. The mentored field study abstracts will be reviewed in the same process as all other submissions and those that are selected as oral presentations will receive support to attend the workshop.</p>
<p>Please share the information with interested colleagues and watch the PENAPH site for more news and announcements!</p>RVC Postgraduate Scholarships for Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia onlytag:penaph.ning.com,2012-05-19:4643023:BlogPost:205312012-05-19T07:56:43.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>Postgraduate Distance Learning Scholarships - MSc in Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Applications are invited for ten Postgraduate Scholarships in MSc Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health by distance learning. The scholarships are funded by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission and academic direction is provided by the Royal Veterinary College (RVC), a constituent College of the University of London. The RVC is partnered by the Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease…</p>
<p>Postgraduate Distance Learning Scholarships - MSc in Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Applications are invited for ten Postgraduate Scholarships in MSc Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health by distance learning. The scholarships are funded by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission and academic direction is provided by the Royal Veterinary College (RVC), a constituent College of the University of London. The RVC is partnered by the Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS), in the delivery of this programme. The scholarships are available to nationals of Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia only, with the deadline for application on Monday 28 May 2012. Applicants must also be living and working in these countries. The MSc is being offered via distance learning. However, the programme is supported by a wealth of online resources and support, in addition to annual residential teaching workshops. Dr. Christine Thuranira-McKeever from the Royal Veterinary College said: “these scholarships are a great opportunity for veterinary and other animal health specialists, to benefit from postgraduate training in veterinary epidemiology and public health; these subject areas are essential when addressing issues such as disease surveillance, zoonotic diseases and trade and market access for animal products. The scholarships will afford an opportunity for animal health specialists to further develop their knowledge and skills, which will ultimately enhance the veterinary capacity of their countries and more widely, in the Southern African region.” Entry Criteria: To study the MSc, students must have either a second class honours degree or the equivalent, in a scientific subject, veterinary medicine, animal science, agriculture, zoological sciences or medicine, or a second class honours degree, or the equivalent, in a scientific discipline, which has, in the opinion of the University, included suitable training.</p>
<p>For full details and to apply, please visit the following website: <a href="http://www.rvc.ac.uk/Postgraduate/Distance/Index.cfm">http://www.rvc.ac.uk/Postgraduate/Distance/Index.cfm</a></p>
<p>Deadline for application: 28 May 2012</p>
<p>Studies commence: January 2013</p>FAO Indonesia looking for Veterinary Epidemiologisttag:penaph.ning.com,2012-03-13:4643023:BlogPost:199892012-03-13T11:11:14.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>Please see attached the vacancy notice shared by our colleagues from FAO Indonesia.</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046210?profile=original" target="_self">TOR_Technical_Adviser_Veterinary_Epidemiology_103.doc</a></p>
<p>Anyone who is interested should contact Dr Luuk Schoonman <a href="mailto:Luuk.schoonman@gmail.com">Luuk.schoonman@gmail.com</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Please see attached the vacancy notice shared by our colleagues from FAO Indonesia.</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046210?profile=original" target="_self">TOR_Technical_Adviser_Veterinary_Epidemiology_103.doc</a></p>
<p>Anyone who is interested should contact Dr Luuk Schoonman <a href="mailto:Luuk.schoonman@gmail.com">Luuk.schoonman@gmail.com</a></p>
<p> </p>Integration of participatory approaches into surveillance systemstag:penaph.ning.com,2012-02-08:4643023:BlogPost:202512012-02-08T05:30:00.000ZSaskia Hendrickxhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SaskiaHendrickx
<p>Please see below the link to a recently published paper prepared by the PENAPH core partners.</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046077?profile=original" target="_self">OIE_marineretal_DEC2011.pdf</a></p>
<p>Please see below the link to a recently published paper prepared by the PENAPH core partners.</p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046077?profile=original" target="_self">OIE_marineretal_DEC2011.pdf</a></p>PRA volunteer trainer needed in Bali Indonesia for two week from January 14thtag:penaph.ning.com,2011-12-19:4643023:BlogPost:192242011-12-19T09:26:23.000ZSally Crafterhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/SallyCrafter
<p> if there anyone who would like to spend two weeks in the island Paradise of Bali in Indonesia? The Bali Animal Welfare Association (BAWA) will be carrying our PRA training in January. Their donor can pay for airtravel and living costs but, sadly, not a salary. if you are interested contact Janice at Bawabali@aol.com.</p>
<p>BAWA have been instrumental in proving that mass vaccination of dogs against rabies can control the deaths of humans due to rabies. They are now looking at…</p>
<p> if there anyone who would like to spend two weeks in the island Paradise of Bali in Indonesia? The Bali Animal Welfare Association (BAWA) will be carrying our PRA training in January. Their donor can pay for airtravel and living costs but, sadly, not a salary. if you are interested contact Janice at Bawabali@aol.com.</p>
<p>BAWA have been instrumental in proving that mass vaccination of dogs against rabies can control the deaths of humans due to rabies. They are now looking at community-based approaches to find out how the community views dog ownership and to explore ways to improve how dogs are looked after and handled in the villages in Bali. hence the need to learn about PRA! look at their website on www.<b>bawabali</b>.com to see what a great job they do.</p>
<p></p>
<p>Sally</p>FMD outbreak, investigation which was I carried out in tanzania. The collected samples showed that it was type O FMD virus. What next, I think is vaccination, where to get this serotype vaccine.tag:penaph.ning.com,2011-11-11:4643023:BlogPost:175332011-11-11T06:30:00.000ZDaniel Pius Mdetelehttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/DanielPiusMdetele
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046170?profile=original"><img width="750" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046170?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" class="align-full"/></a></p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046170?profile=original"><img width="750" src="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046170?profile=RESIZE_1024x1024" class="align-full"/></a></p>Some paper for the reading and thinking.tag:penaph.ning.com,2011-11-08:4643023:BlogPost:173312011-11-08T13:30:26.000ZFrancisca Araya Kutscherhttp://penaph.ning.com/profile/FranciscaArayaKutscher
<p>Dear Community </p>
<p>For being up date, I encourge to read some papers</p>
<p>I hope you enjoy</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Saludos!</p>
<p> </p>
<p><a href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046072?profile=original" target="_self">Participatory%20epidemiology%20Approaches%20methods%20experiences.pdf…</a></p>
<p></p>
<p>Dear Community </p>
<p>For being up date, I encourge to read some papers</p>
<p>I hope you enjoy</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Saludos!</p>
<p> </p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046072?profile=original">Participatory%20epidemiology%20Approaches%20methods%20experiences.pdf</a></p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046089?profile=original">Participatory%20Epidemiology%20The%20emergence%20of%20a%20sub-discipline.pdf</a></p>
<p><a target="_self" href="http://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/1979046320?profile=original">The%20economic%20and%20poverty%20impacts%20of%20animal%20diseases%20in%20developing%20countries%20New%20roles%2C%20new%20demands%20for%20economics%20and%20epidemiology.pdf</a></p>